https://tuhr.app/glossary Plain-English Shia (Jaʿfari) fiqh glossary, sourced. en https://tuhr.app/glossary/baligh https://tuhr.app/glossary/baligh Fri, 24 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT Religious adulthood. The age at which religious obligations become binding. For girls in Shia fiqh, the threshold is 9 lunar years per A. Sistani / Khomeini (10 per Makarem ISSUE 195). https://tuhr.app/glossary/fidya https://tuhr.app/glossary/fidya Fri, 24 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT A material penalty (one mudd of staple food, ~750 g, per missed day) owed when Ramadan qada fasts are not made up before the next Ramadan due to a valid excuse. https://tuhr.app/glossary/ghusl https://tuhr.app/glossary/ghusl Fri, 24 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT A ritual bath that re-establishes major ritual purity. Required after hayd, nifas, janabat, and at the end of the daily istihada cycle. https://tuhr.app/glossary/hayd https://tuhr.app/glossary/hayd Fri, 24 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT Menstruation, in Shia Jaʿfari fiqh. A defined ritual state, not just a biological event. Bleeding is hayd only if it lasts at least three continuous days and at most ten. https://tuhr.app/glossary/istibra https://tuhr.app/glossary/istibra Fri, 24 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT A check performed to confirm a state has truly ended. The fiqh term refers to two different procedures depending on context; the one relevant to a Shia woman is the cotton-insertion check to verify hayd or nifas has stopped before declaring tuhr. https://tuhr.app/glossary/istihada https://tuhr.app/glossary/istihada Fri, 24 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT Non-menstrual vaginal bleeding. A ritual state distinct from hayd. The woman continues to pray and fast, but with extra purifications that vary by tier. https://tuhr.app/glossary/kathirah https://tuhr.app/glossary/kathirah Fri, 24 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT The heaviest tier of istihada. Blood soaks through the absorbent. Requires three ghusls per day and a fresh absorbent before each prayer. https://tuhr.app/glossary/marja https://tuhr.app/glossary/marja Fri, 24 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT A senior Shia jurist whose religious rulings a layperson follows. Tuhr supports three on day one. A. Sistani, A. Khamenei, A. Makarem Shirazi. https://tuhr.app/glossary/mubaligha https://tuhr.app/glossary/mubaligha Fri, 24 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT A trained female Islamic scholar / religious teacher. Plays an essential role in answering women-specific fiqh questions for the Shia community. https://tuhr.app/glossary/mutawassitah https://tuhr.app/glossary/mutawassitah Fri, 24 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT The medium tier of istihada per A. Sistani and Khamenei. Blood soaks the absorbent but does not pass through. Requires one ghusl per day plus one wudu per prayer. https://tuhr.app/glossary/nifas https://tuhr.app/glossary/nifas Fri, 24 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT Postpartum bleeding. A separate ritual category from hayd, with its own rules. Prayer and fasting are excused, ghusl is required when bleeding ends. https://tuhr.app/glossary/qada https://tuhr.app/glossary/qada Fri, 24 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT Make-up worship. For a Shia woman: missed Ramadan fasts due to hayd or other valid excuse must be made up later, before next Ramadan or with fidya. https://tuhr.app/glossary/qalilah https://tuhr.app/glossary/qalilah Fri, 24 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT The lightest tier of istihada per A. Sistani and Khamenei. Blood does not soak through the absorbent. Requires one wudu per prayer. https://tuhr.app/glossary/qurayshi https://tuhr.app/glossary/qurayshi Sat, 25 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT A descendant of the Quraysh tribe, paternally tracing to Hāshim. The category that determines whether the menopause threshold for hayd is 50 or 60 lunar years under both A. Sistani and A. Makarem Shirazi. https://tuhr.app/glossary/ayat-prayer https://tuhr.app/glossary/ayat-prayer Fri, 24 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT The "prayer of signs". Performed at solar/lunar eclipse, earthquake, or other major celestial/seismic event. Two rakʿats with five rukūs each. https://tuhr.app/glossary/sayyida https://tuhr.app/glossary/sayyida Sat, 25 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT A woman who descends paternally from the Prophet Muhammad through Fatima al-Zahra. In A. Sistani's reading, Sayyida and Qurayshi are treated as synonymous for the purpose of the menopause threshold for hayd. https://tuhr.app/glossary/taqlid https://tuhr.app/glossary/taqlid Fri, 24 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT The act of following the rulings of a chosen marjaʿ in religious practice. The mechanism by which non-experts apply jurisprudence to daily life. https://tuhr.app/glossary/tuhr https://tuhr.app/glossary/tuhr Fri, 24 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT Ritual purity. The absence of hayd, nifas, or major ritual impurity. The state in which all worship obligations apply normally.